KIF11 prevents retinal endothelial ferroptosis in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy by inhibiting phosphorylation-driven PRDX1 phase separation

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy is a hereditary disorder predominantly affecting infants and young children, often leading to severe vision loss. Approximately 40% of patients carry mutations in Norrin/β-catenin pathway genes. Nevertheless, the downstream pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, by using bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses, we identify KIF11 as a key downstream effector in retinal endothelial cells. Lentivirus-mediated KIF11 overexpression partially restores vascular defects in endothelial cell-specific Ctnnb1 knockout mice. Functional and multi-omics studies reveal that β-catenin/KIF11 deficiency induces autophagy-accompanied ferroptosis. Mechanistically, KIF11 binds PRDX1, and the disrupted β-catenin/KIF11 axis releases the competitive restraint of KIF11 on Src-mediated PRDX1 phosphorylation, triggering subsequent liquid-liquid phase separation. Treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 or lentiviral overexpression of non-phosphorylatable PRDX1 partially rescues vascular defects in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy-associated mice. Overall, we elucidate a β-catenin/KIF11/PRDX1 axis-dependent ferroptosis mechanism in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, highlighting ferroptosis-targeting and antioxidant strategies as potential therapies.