Thymic involution was found In 16 of 29 newborn infants examined regardless of cause of death. Of the newborn infants with thymic involution, 5 newborn infants showed cellular depletion in thymus‐dependent areas (TDA) of the spleen and lymph nodes. In these infants, the thymic involutions were generally marked and the survival periods were 5 days long or more. The conditions for manifestation of the cellular depletion in TDA were discussed in connection with the results reported in animals.