生物化学
磷酸二酯酶
细胞生物学
可溶性鸟苷酰环化酶
古西亚德
化学
效应器
细胞内
生物
激酶
细胞信号
第二信使系统
鸟苷酸环化酶
鸟苷酸环化酶2C
酶
信号转导
环化酶
作者
Kimberly A. Lucas,Giovanni M. Pitari,Shiva Kazerounian,Inez Ruiz-Stewart,Jason Park,Stephanie Schulz,Kenneth P. Chepenik,Scott A. Waldman
出处
期刊:PubMed
日期:2000-09-01
卷期号:52 (3): 375-414
被引量:343
摘要
Guanylyl cyclases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of GTP to cGMP. The family comprises both membrane-bound and soluble isoforms that are expressed in nearly all cell types. They are regulated by diverse extracellular agonists that include peptide hormones, bacterial toxins, and free radicals, as well as intracellular molecules, such as calcium and adenine nucleotides. Stimulation of guanylyl cyclases and the resultant accumulation of cGMP regulates complex signaling cascades through immediate downstream effectors, including cGMP-dependent protein kinases, cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases, and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. Guanylyl cyclases and cGMP-mediated signaling cascades play a central role in the regulation of diverse (patho)physiological processes, including vascular smooth muscle motility, intestinal fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, and retinal phototransduction. Topics addressed in this review include the structure and chromosomal localization of the genes for guanylyl cyclases, structure and function of the members of the guanylyl cyclase family, molecular mechanisms regulating enzymatic activity, and molecular sequences coupling ligand binding to catalytic activity. A brief overview is presented of the downstream events controlled by guanylyl cyclases, including the effectors that are regulated by cGMP and the role that guanylyl cyclases play in cell physiology and pathophysiology.
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