Neurosyphilis: is it still a clinically relevant form of dementia?

Though syphilis was thought by many to be a disease on the verge of distinction, a resurgence of cases since the 1980s has proven that this is not so. With this return of 'the great imitator,' a resurgence of neurosyphilis may soon be on its way. Relatively insensitive testing and more atypical presentations mean clinicians should continue to be vigilant for neurosyphilis. This article reviews the pathophysiology of syphilis and where neurosyphilis fits in the picture. It also reviews treatment options and recent guidelines submitted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.