The effect of bone cement on the curative effect of percutaneous kyphoplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of bone cement on the curative effect of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). METHODS: A total of 323 patients with OVCF who underwent PKP in our hospital between January 2018 and June 2020 were enrolled. According to the viscosity and distribution of the bone cement, the patients were divided into a high viscosity (HV) group and a low viscosity (LV) group, and into a central distribution (central) group and a lateral distribution (lateral) group, and their baseline characteristics, perioperative parameters, efficacy indicators, and complications indicators were compared. RESULTS: In the HV group, the amount of bone cement injected and the number of patients with centrally distributed bone cement were significantly higher than those in the LV group, while the operation time and the number of patients with laterally distributed bone cement were significantly lower. Further, the bone cement viscosity in the central group was significantly higher than that in the lateral group. Before surgery, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the posterior back visual analog scale (VAS) score, Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI), Cobb angle, vertebral height, or anterior vertebral height (AVH) of the fractured vertebral body. However, after surgery, both the ODI and the Cobb angle were notably reduced and the AVH was increased in the HV group. Meanwhile, in the central group, the VAS, Cobb angle, and ODI were all dramatically reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Centrally distributed high-viscosity bone cement can reduce the Cobb angle and the incidence of bone cement leakage in patients with OVCF who undergo PKP, thereby improving the curative effect.