化学
剥离(纤维)
电渗析
氨
氮气
氯
铵
电化学
尿
废水
色谱法
硫酸铵
无机化学
环境化学
制浆造纸工业
膜
废物管理
电极
材料科学
有机化学
生物化学
复合材料
物理化学
工程类
作者
William A. Tarpeh,James M. Barazesh,Tzahi Y. Cath,Kara L. Nelson
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.7b05488
摘要
Recovering nitrogen from separately collected urine can potentially reduce costs and energy of wastewater nitrogen removal and fertilizer production. Through benchtop experiments, we demonstrate the recovery of nitrogen from urine as ammonium sulfate using electrochemical stripping, a combination of electrodialysis and membrane stripping. Nitrogen was selectively recovered with 93% efficiency in batch experiments with real urine and required 30.6 MJ kg N-1 in continuous-flow experiments (slightly less than conventional ammonia stripping). The effects of solution chemistry on nitrogen flux, electrolytic reactions, and reactions with electro-generated oxidants were evaluated using synthetic urine solutions. Fates of urine-relevant trace organic contaminants, including electrochemical oxidation and reaction with electro-generated chlorine, were investigated with a suite of common pharmaceuticals. Trace organics (<0.1 μg L-1) and elements (<30 μg L-1) were not detected at appreciable levels in the ammonium sulfate fertilizer product. This novel approach holds promise for selective recovery of nitrogen from concentrated liquid waste streams such as source-separated urine.
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