First Report of Plantago asiatica mosaic virus in Rehmannia glutinosa in Korea

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 102, No. 5First Report of Plantago asiatica mosaic virus in Rehmannia glutinosa in Korea PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Plantago asiatica mosaic virus in Rehmannia glutinosa in KoreaH.-R. Kwak, M. Kim, J. Kim, H.-S. Choi, J.-K. Seo, S.-J. Ko, and J.-S. KimH.-R. Kwak†Corresponding authors: H.-R. Kwak, E-mail: E-mail Address: [email protected]; and H.-S. Choi, E-mail: E-mail Address: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author, M. KimSearch for more papers by this author, J. KimSearch for more papers by this author, H.-S. Choi†Corresponding authors: H.-R. Kwak, E-mail: E-mail Address: [email protected]; and H.-S. Choi, E-mail: E-mail Address: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author, J.-K. SeoSearch for more papers by this author, S.-J. KoSearch for more papers by this author, and J.-S. KimSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations H.-R. Kwak † M. Kim J. Kim H.-S. Choi † , Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea J.-K. Seo , Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do 25354, Republic of Korea S.-J. Ko , Jeonnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Naju 58213, Republic of Korea J.-S. Kim , Department of Plant Medicine, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea. Published Online:13 Mar 2018https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-17-0960-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Rehmannia glutinosa (family Scrophulariaceae) is a widely used traditional medicinal plant. In Korea, the area under the cultivation of this plant, as well as its production, has gradually increased because of its medicinal properties. R. glutinosa is conventionally propagated using its tuberous roots rather than its seeds, which have poor viability and low propagation rate. However, vegetative propagation is vulnerable to the accumulation of viruses over subsequent generations. Viral diseases cause significant yield and quality loss in R. glutinosa (Ling and Liu 2009). In 2010, three R. glutinosa plants showing virus-like symptoms, namely chlorotic and necrotic local spots, vein necrosis and mosaic on the leaves, and stunting, were collected from a greenhouse in the Hwasun area of Korea. Electron microscopy and RT-PCR indicated that these plants were infected with three different viruses, Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV), and an unknown filamentous rod virus (∼400 to 500 nm in length). In the present study, the filamentous rod virus was preliminarily confirmed to be a potexvirus by RT-PCR, using universal primers (van der Vlugt and Berendsen 2002), and then characterized as Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) by sequence analysis of the amplified PCR products. PlAMV (genus Potexvirus, family Alphaflexiviridae) causes severe damage to lilies (Lilium spp.), and was reported in several countries including Italy (Parrella et al. 2015). In Korea, PlAMV was first detected in lilies imported from the Netherlands in 2012, and was recently reported in Plantago asiatica collected in 2014 (Lim et al. 2016). For isolating PlAMV from R. glutinosa, sap from the symptomatic leaves was inoculated mechanically into an assay host, Chenopodium amaranticolor, via three single-lesion passages, followed by propagation in Nicotiana occidentalis. For the bioassay of the PlAMV isolate (PlAMV-RG), sap from the infected N. occidentalis was inoculated in several indicator plants. PlAMV-RG induced the following symptoms in the indicator plants and all inoculated plants were confirmed by RT-PCR using a PlAMV-specific primer pair (PlAMV_up1: 5′-AACGTCAACAGACATACACGG-3′, PlAMV_down1: 5′-TGTAGAAGAACATCTGCATC-3′), designed based on previously reported PlAMV nucleotide sequences. Symptoms included systemic chlorotic spots in C. amaranticolor and C. quinoa, mosaic in N. benthamiana and N. occidentalis, necrotic local lesions on inoculated leaves of Gomphrena globosa, chlorotic local lesions on inoculated leaves, and latent infection on upper leaves of Tetragonia expansa. No symptoms were observed in N. tabacum ‘Xanthi-nc,’ N. glutinosa, and Datura stramonium. To genetically characterize PlAMV-RG, the complete genome sequence of PlAMV-RG was obtained by RT-PCR using primers specific for PlAMV, and terminal sequences were determined by the 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The full-length sequence was 6,127 nt, excluding the poly-A tail, and was deposited in GenBank (accession no. KY923700). Nucleotide BLAST analysis showed that the PlAMV-RG isolate had maximum nucleotide identity of about 87% to a PlAMV isolate from P. asiatica, and about 80% to PlAMV isolates from lilies in Korea. PlAMV has a wide host range, and has been isolated from various plants such as P. asiatica, Primula sieboldii, Nandina domestica, and Viola grypoceras, as well as from lily (Komatsu et al. 2017). To our knowledge, this is the first report of PlAMV in R. glutinosa. Unfortunately, we are unable to find available virus-free R. glutinosa. The plants grown in Korea are almost universally infected with one or more of the viruses including BBWV2, RMV, and PlAMV (S.-J. Kwon, personal communication). The production of virus-free seedlings through apical meristem culture is urgently needed. If healthy, virus-free R. glutinosa plants can be obtained, further experiments to identify the specific symptoms induced by inoculation of each virus in these plants can be conducted. Identification of this new virus infecting R. glutinosa might help in devising strategies to protect this important plant from disease, and to prevent yield loss and deterioration of quality.References:Komatsu, K., et al. 2017. Arch. Virol. 162:581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-3110-6 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLim, S., et al. 2016. VirusDis. 27:307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-016-0329-5 Crossref, Google ScholarLing, H., and Liu, R. R. 2009. Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 56:591. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443709050021 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarParrella, G., et al. 2015. Plant Dis. 99:1289. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-15-0281-PDN Link, ISI, Google Scholarvan der Vlugt, R. A. A., and Berendsen, M. 2002. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 108:367. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015644409484 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 102, No. 5 May 2018SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 20 Apr 2018Published: 13 Mar 2018First Look: 18 Dec 2017Accepted: 14 Dec 2017 Pages: 1046-1046 Information© 2018 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingRural Development AdministrationGrant/Award Number: PJ011306022017Cited byFirst Report of Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic Virus Infecting Rehmannia glutinosa in ChinaY. H. Qin, F. Wang, C. T. Lu, F. L. Wang, Y. Wen, Y. X. Liu, S. X. Gao, W. P. Qi, X. M. Li, and J. 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