Studies on common pathogenesis between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction

Both insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction are important risk factors of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.Under insulin resistance state such as adiposity and type 2 diabetes,endothelium-dependent vasodilation dysfunction has existed and the production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide has decreased,accordingly,a new viewpoint of endothelial cell insulin resistance has been raised.Recently,a host of studies have focused on their common pathogenesis—— oxidative stress,inflammation,advanced glycation end products(AGEs) and hexosamine biosynthetic pathway(HBP),which provide pathophysiological mechanisms for cluster development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases characterized by the metabolic syndrome.