Studies on displacements and earth pressures of pit-retaining structure during excavation by steps

In view of displacement and earth pressure behavior of pit-retaining structure during the process of deep foundation,finite element program was performed.FEM model and calculation process were analyzed.Displacement and active earth pressure distribution of pit-retaining structure were successfully calculated in every stage of excavation by steps,and the results were compared with the measured and empirical results.At the same time,the calculation progress and method of foundation excavation by steps were carefully studied.With the analysis of the formation of excavation load,the calculating method for excavation loads,suitable for engineering practices,was put forward.