Triple-function of hydroxyacetone in suppressing water activity toward long-lived aqueous zinc-ion batteries

HA achieves triple synergy: modulating Zn 2+ solvation, restructuring H-bond network, and forming a water-poor interfacial layer. This enables >3200 h Zn‖Zn cycling and 99.27% CE in Zn‖Cu cells, highlighting a promising strategy for long-life AZIBs.