Ultrasound-propelled oncolytic biomimetic microbubbles as in situ vaccines reprogram tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment

vaccine, and boosting the activation of T cells. After being combined with anti-programmed death-1 (αPD-1) therapy, the integrated LCMBs + αPD-1 regimen elicited robust anticancer immune responses, so the primary tumor, tumor recurrence, and distant metastasis were notably restrained. In summary, this study developed a novel biomimetic LCMBs delivery platform to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of highly cytotoxic oncolytic peptides and promote anticancer immunotherapy, thereby effectively inhibiting tumor recurrence and metastasis.