Collagen I–discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) signalling as a driver of keloid inflammation: mechanistic expansion of the adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor 6–DDR1 axis

This letter critically evaluates the recent study by Hu et al. on collagen I–discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) signalling in keloid inflammation, highlighting its role in activating NF-κB and STAT3 pathways. We discuss the potential of dual-target therapy involving DDR1 and adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) inhibition and identify areas for further exploration, including the involvement of co-receptors, intermediate signalling pathways and collagen remodelling. These insights may guide future therapeutic strategies for keloid treatment.