Current progress, potentials, and challenges for developing photo-assisted CO 2 conversion processes

Abstract The utilization of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has garnered significant attention as a strategy to mitigate anthropogenic emissions. Within this field, the conversion processes of CO 2 through photocatalytic systems have emerged as a particularly noteworthy area of research. This approach leverages solar energy for the reaction and is considered a promising and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional thermally driven catalytic systems. This article aims to summarize recent advancements in several key photo-conversion pathways, including the synthesis of methane, methanol, C 2 hydrocarbons, dimethyl carbonate, and glycerol carbonate. Additionally, potential configurations for the development of processes aimed at producing various chemicals will be proposed. Current insights indicate that the photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 could be effectively integrated with chemical absorption methods, provided that appropriate separation and process intensification strategies are developed. From an economic perspective, the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 minimizes the reliance on green hydrogen as a hydrogen source, thereby significantly improving overall economic viability. Environmentally, it is essential to enhance the reaction conversion and product selectivity of the photocatalytic conversion processes to maximize their decarbonization potential. Overall, this paper is particularly suited for readers who are new to this field and are interested in transitioning from experimental work to process development.