Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Bioactive Peptides from Chinese Herbal Medicine: A Review

Inflammation is a pathological process implicated in a wide range of diseases, and is orchestrated by complex regulatory networks at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. A growing body of evidence supports the understanding that numerous natural compounds exhibit robust anti-inflammatory activity, structural diversity, low toxicity, and minimal side effects. These qualities make them promising leads for therapeutic development. Within the framework of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which has been extensively applied in the management of chronic conditions, specific herbal remedies, such as Paeonia lactiflora for rheumatoid arthritis, and Angelica sinensis and Codonopsis pilosula for cardiovascular regulation, have clinically relevant efficacy. In recent years, bioactive peptides (BAPs) derived from Chinese medicinal herbs, including peptides from Cordyceps sinensis and Panax ginseng, have drawn considerable international attention for their anti-inflammatory potential. This review delineates the principal methodologies for the extraction, isolation, and purification of anti-inflammatory peptides derived from medicinal herbs, highlights recent advances in their therapeutic application for inflammatory disorders, critically assesses existing barriers to clinical translation, and outlines future research priorities.