Stem cell-based models of early human development

ABSTRACT Stem cell-based embryo models (SCBEMs) are structures generated from three-dimensional (3D) culture of pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives, utilizing mechanical and/or chemical cues to facilitate lineage differentiation, self-organization and morphogenesis. These models partially mimic early embryos, which would otherwise be difficult to access. SCBEMs have been established in mice, livestock, nonhuman primates and humans. Here, we focus on recently developed human models, with an emphasis on the peri-implantation stage and the aspects of human development these SCBEMs recapitulate.