Effects of periodontal ligament stem cell‐derived exosomes on osteoblastic proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and signaling pathways

Abstract Objective Periodontitis is characterized by alveolar bone injury and absorption, with high incidence and poor treatment effect. Proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis of osteoblasts are identified as key factors during the regeneration of alveolar bone tissue processes. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have been proved to be a possible candidate for the treatment of periodontitis due to its multiple advantages, such as increasing the regenerative capacity of bone tissue. However, the effect of exosomes derived from PDLSCs (PDLSC‐Exo) on osteoblasts remains to be further studied. Methods and Materials In this work, cell proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and H 2 O 2 ‐induced apoptosis were detected after cells were exposed to PDLSC‐Exo by CCK‐8, scratch wound assay, alizarin red S and alkaline phosphatase staining, real‐time PCR, flow cytometry, tunel assay, and so on. Moreover, the activation of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways was evaluated by western blotting. Results We found that PDLSC‐Exo are capable of promoting hFOB1.19 cell proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation, inhibiting H 2 O 2 ‐induced apoptosis, and activating the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Conclusion These results suggest that PDLSC‐Exo may be a promising therapeutic for osteoblastic damage.