邻苯二甲酸盐
邻苯二甲酸二乙酯
邻苯二甲酸二丁酯
环境化学
邻苯二甲酸二甲酯
摄入
吸入染毒
健康风险
室内空气
健康风险评估
内分泌干扰物
环境卫生
环境科学
毒理
吸入
化学
环境工程
医学
有机化学
内分泌系统
生物
生物化学
激素
解剖
作者
Hongyang Zhu,Na Zheng,Changcheng Chen,Ning Li,Qirui An,Wenhui Zhang,Qiang Lin,Zhang Xiu,Shengwei Sun,Xiaoqian Li,Yunyang Li,Sujing Wang
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169701
摘要
The endocrine disruptor phthalates (PAEs) are widely used as important chemical additives in a variety of areas around the globe. PAEs are toxic to reproduction and development and may adversely affect the health of adolescents. Risk assessments of exposure to PAEs from different sources are more reflective of actual exposure than single-source assessments. We used personal exposure parameters to estimate the dose of PAEs to 107 university students from six media (including dormitory dust, dormitory air, clothing, food, disposable food containers, and personal care products (PCPs)) and three exposure routes (including ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption). Individual factors and lifestyles may affect PAE exposure to varying degrees. Based on a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, the results indicated that the main sources of PAEs in dust were indoor building materials and plastics, while PCPs and adhesives were the major sources of airborne PAEs. The relative contribution of each source to PAE exposure showed that food and air were the primary sources of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Air source contributed the most to diethyl phthalate (DEP) exposure, followed by PCPs. Food was the most significant source of diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure. Additionally, the exposure of DEHP to dust was not negligible. The ingestion pathway was the most dominant among the three exposure pathways, followed by dermal absorption. The non-carcinogenic risk of PAEs from the six sources was within acceptable limits. DEHP exhibits a low carcinogenic risk. We suggest university students maintain good hygienic and living habits to minimize exposure to PAEs.
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