The role of Power-to-Gas and electrochemical storage systems in a climate-neutral energy system

The transition to a fully decarbonized energy system by 2050 passes through the exponential diffusion of variable Renewable Energy Sources (vRES) coupled with direct and indirect electrification of energy consumption. This transformation poses new challenges to the electricity system, which will require flexibility to maximize vRES integration and meet adequacy and quality requirements. In this context, storage systems will play a key role in providing this flexibility. This paper investigates the role of storage technologies for the provision of daily and annual flexibility services, establishing the most suitable technological option among electrochemical storage systems and Power-to-Gas solutions for each service.