过剩4
胰岛素
糖原
内科学
内分泌学
葡萄糖摄取
胰岛素敏感性
体育锻炼
医学
碳水化合物代谢
胰岛素抵抗
葡萄糖转运蛋白
运动生理学
新陈代谢
作者
Lars B. Borghouts,H. A. Keizer
出处
期刊:International Journal of Sports Medicine
[Georg Thieme Verlag KG]
日期:2000-01-01
卷期号:21 (1): 1-12
被引量:499
摘要
Physical activity has a beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity in normal as well as insulin resistant populations. A distinction should be made between the acute effects of exercise and genuine training effects. Up to two hours after exercise, glucose uptake is in part elevated due to insulin independent mechanisms, probably involving a contraction-induced increase in the amount of GLUT4 associated with the plasma membrane and T-tubules. However, a single bout of exercise can increase insulin sensitivity for at least 16 h post exercise in healthy as well as NIDDM subjects. Recent studies have accordingly shown that acute exercise also enhances insulin stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Increases in muscle GLUT4 protein content contribute to this effect, and in addition it has been hypothesized that the depletion of muscle glycogen stores with exercise plays a role herein. Physical training potentiates the effect of exercise on insulin sensitivity through multiple adaptations in glucose transport and metabolism. In addition, training may elicit favourable changes in lipid metabolism and can bring about improvements in the regulation of hepatic glucose output, which is especially relevant to NIDDM. It is concluded that physical training can be considered to play an important, if not essential role in the treatment and prevention of insulin insensitivity.
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