价(化学)
单独一对
化学物理
电子
离子
氧化态
材料科学
纳米技术
化学
统计物理学
物理
量子力学
分子
催化作用
生物化学
作者
Aron Walsh,Alexey A. Sokol,John Buckeridge,David O. Scanlon,C. Richard A. Catlow
出处
期刊:Nature Materials
[Springer Nature]
日期:2018-10-01
卷期号:17 (11): 958-964
被引量:130
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41563-018-0165-7
摘要
The concepts of oxidation state and atomic charge are entangled in modern materials science. We distinguish between these quantities and consider their fundamental limitations and utility for understanding material properties. We discuss the nature of bonding between atoms and the techniques that have been developed for partitioning electron density. While formal oxidation states help us count electrons (in ions, bonds, lone pairs), variously defined atomic charges are usefully employed in the description of physical processes including dielectric response and electronic spectroscopies. Such partial charges are introduced as quantitative measures in simple mechanistic models of a more complex reality, and therefore may not be comparable or transferable. In contrast, oxidation states are defined to be universal, with deviations constituting exciting challenges as evidenced in mixed-valence compounds, electrides and highly correlated systems. This Perspective covers how these concepts have evolved in recent years, our current understanding and their significance.
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