Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on chemotherapy-related anemia in clinic. Methods:Sixty-two tumor patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. Treatment group received 2 cycles of chemotherapy and subcutaneous injection of rhEPO 12 000 u at 48 h after termination of chemotherapy (thrice per week for 3 weeks,totally 6 weeks). Control group only received 2 cycles of chemotherapy. The adjuvant therapy was the same in the two groups. The clinical efficacy was evaluated at the end of the 2nd cycle of rhEPO therapy. Results:The levels of hematoglobin and hematocrit were increased obviously after 6-week rhEPO treatment. The difference was significant (P0.01). The symptom of fatigue was relieved,and the active endurance was raised. Significant difference was observed between the treatment group and the control group (P0.01). The levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit had no significant changes after treatment in the control group.Conclusion:rhEPO ameliorated chemotherapy-related anemia and increased the life quality of tumor patients.