Simulation of Palm Kernel Shell Gasification for Small Scale Power Generation Using Aspen Plus Software

Abstract In this study, a simulation flowsheet model of gasification process for small-scale power generation was developed in Aspen plus software in accordance with the actual 20-kW power pallet unit manufactured by All Power Labs Power Pallet. The flowsheet model is capable to determine the syngas composition and amount of power load generated from the internal combustion engine. Biomass feedstock used in the model was palm kernel shell as it possesses a favourable physiochemical property and easy to obtain. Proximate and ultimate analyses data were used as the basis for the flowsheet model to reflect the physical property of palm kernel shell as a non-conventional component. The gasification of palm kernel shell was simulated into four main processes which are drying, pyrolysis, combustion and reduction by using two R-Stoic models and individual R-yield and R-Plug model with specification of chemical reactions, dimensions and operating conditions of the process. The results obtained from the model were validated with experimental data of palm kernel shell gasification process at a similar operating temperature acquired from previous research studies. Several parameters such as gasification temperature, air preheating and pyrolysis temperature were studied under specified value subjected to the amount of power load generated. It can be seen that the gasification temperature, air preheating temperature and pyrolysis temperature were found to have a directly proportional trend on power load based on their respective temperature range. Furthermore, optimal power load (≈ 20 kW) can be generated at pyrolysis temperature of 460 °C with gasification and intake air temperature of 1200 °C and 550 °C respectively. This work is of significance for preliminary operational and plant design benchmark if the government is considering a large-scale development of biomass power generation.