Synthesis of New Branched 2-Nitroimidazole as a Hypoxia Sensitive Linker for Ligand-Targeted Drugs of Paclitaxel

Because of the low selectivity and efficiency of normal antitumor agents, the strategy of ligand-targeted drugs was put forward. In this paper, we designed and synthesized a new bioreductive linker based on 2-nitroimidazole, which was used in three paclitaxel (PTX) prodrugs. The drug release mechanism via six-membered ring was demonstrated by chemical reduction and nitroreductase assay. Glucose and acetazolamide, which have been reported widely as ligands, were attached to compound 7 to afford Glu-PTX and AZO-PTX. The prodrugs were considerably stable in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) and plasma. What is more, PTX releasing could be triggered by nitroreductase rapidly. In in vitro cytotoxicity assay, the prodrugs exhibited moderate selectivity toward hypoxic tumor cells. We considered that the 2-nitroimidazole linker could accelerate the release of prodrugs under hypoxic condition. It was promising in the development of ligand-targeted drugs.