X-ray luminescence in undoped and bismuth-doped single crystal hybrid lead halide perovskites

Systematic investigation of temperature-dependence on thermal quenching of X-ray luminescence (XL) from various single perovskite crystals was carried out. In the family of methylammonium lead halide perovskites (MAPbX₃, MA = methylammonium, X= Cl, Br or I), the quenching temperature of XL decreases from Cl to I. According to our analysis, such behavior is strongly affected by their corresponding decrease of thermal activation energy ▵E_q from 53 ± 3 to 6 ± 1 meV. Different concentrations of Bi³⁺-doped MAPbBr3 are also prepared and both four-point probe measurement and X-ray thermoluminescence (TL) confirms the successful doping. When we dope MAPbBr3 with Bi³⁺, Γ₀/Γ_v increases to 78 ± 18 for crystal with Bi/Pb ratio of 1/10 in precursor solution.