Aiming at diagnosing helicopter' s main gearbox fault based on the vibration signals by experiments requires high costs,the helicopter' s planetary gear system is taken as an example,to analyze and improve the model established by McFadden,and to derive delay-time model of the vibration signal to determine the phase-change of sidebands when the system is running.The cause and change-rule of planetary gear syetem' vibration signal is analyzed to establish the fault diagnosis model based on vibration signal,and simulate the vibration signals which is on fault condition.By comparing the simulation of vibration signals,a reference is provided for fault monitoring and diagnosis of a planetary gear system.