A new composite of bismaleimide/carbon fiber(BMI/CF)modified by carbon nano-meter tubes(CNTs)was prepared.The effect of the surface treatment technology of CNTs on the structure of the composite was characterized and analyzed by means of XRD,FTIR and TEM.The effect of the content of CNTs on the mechanical properties of the composite was discussed.The results revealed the mechanical properties of the composite was improved with the addition of CNTs,the interlaminar shear strength(ILSS)and flexural strength of the composite increased 51.4% and 10.1%,respectively when the mass fraction of CNTs was 1%.