Importance of Engineering of the Protein Molecules: A Review

Engineering of the proteins is a powerful tool for production of the novel proteins that serve as catalysts to induce selective chemical and biological transformations that would not otherwise be possible. The methods of rational and random (methods entailing evolution, selection and the screening) are employed for the purpose to alter the specificity of the substarte profiles of selectivity through mutating the enzymes. The proteins identified through these techniques are serving the most significant role in the applications (industrial and medicinal applications). Such proteins are also important for the study of relationship between protein structure and protein functions. The scientific field is expecting more modifications of natural enzymes and the proteins through protein engineering. The efficiencies and easyness in the protein modifications depend exclusively on the well-known methods of rational design and directed evolution (as well as new techniques). New technologies such as computational design, catalytic antibodies and mRNA display would be crucial for de novo engineering of enzymes and also for new areas of protein engineering. The attempt is concerned with a critical review on the methods for functional proteins and some practical applications of the protein engineering.