Fatty Acids and Flavor Components in the Oil Extracted from Golden Melon Seeds

Abstract For complete utilization of raw materials and edible oil production, the oil from golden melon seeds (GSs) is extracted via the cold‐pressing, hot‐pressing, and ultrasound‐assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE), and the fatty acid composition, and nutritional value of the extracted GS oils (GSOs) are analyzed. The volatile compounds present in the GSOs are determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The aroma profiles of different GSO samples are further distinguished by using an electronic nose. A total of 16 fatty acids are identified in the GSO samples, with atherogenic, thrombogenic, and nutritive value indices ranging from 0.142–0.151, 0.366–0.403, and 5.019–5.299, respectively. Moreover, 43 volatile compounds, including esters, hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, pyrazines, and aldehydes are identified. The cold‐pressed GSO presents fresh and fruity flavors, while the hot‐pressed GSO presents roasted, nutty, fatty, and fruity flavors, and the GSO obtained via AEE presents fatty and fruity flavors. The acid and peroxide contents of these oil samples are 0.69–079 mg g −1 and 5.17–5.79 mmol kg −1 , respectively. The results indicate that the extraction method affects the fatty acid composition, flavor components, and physiochemical properties of the GSO. This study may help promote the development of edible GSO. Practical applications: With high demand for edible oils, it is of great significance to find natural edible oils from different sources. The oil in golden melon seeds is extracted by different methods. Their fatty acid composition and flavor components are analyzed. The GSO extracted via AEE method is rich in fatty acids composition. This work would guide the development of an edible GSO and increase the value of golden melon.