Comparative Evaluation of Implant Stability, Insertion Torque, and Implant Macrogeometry in Different Bone Densities Using Resonance Frequency Analysis

Aim and objective: Evaluation and comparison of insertion torque (IT) and the implant stability of two different implant macrogeometry in different bone densities using resonance frequency analysis.Materials and methods: A total of 48 implants (with two implant types having regular and novel macrogeometry) were classified into 4 groups with 12 samples in each group.Group A regular implant without surface treatment, group B regular implant with surface treating, group C novel implant deprived of surface treating, and group D was new dental implant with surface treatment were used.Implant stability quotient (ISQ), implant IT, removal torque (RT) percentage, and torque reduction percentage were calculated. Results:The mean ± SD ISQ value of bone 1 in group A was 56.7 ± 3.2, in group B was 58.6 ± 2.4, in group C was 57.1 ± 3.5, and in group D was 59.3 ± 2.9.In bone 2, the value was 57.8 ± 1.4, 59.5 ± 1.5, 58.2 ± 2.6, and 59.5 ± 2.4 among A, B, C, and D groups correspondingly.In bone 3, it was 59.4 ± 2.4, 60.3 ± 2.3, 60.4 ± 2.8, and 62.7 ± 2.5 among A, B, C, and D groups correspondingly.In bone 4, it was 67.2 ± 3.4, 69.5 ± 2.7, 68.7 ± 2.4, and 69.4 ± 2.3 among A, B, C, and D groups correspondingly.There was a substantial difference in IT and nonsignificant difference in RT in different groups. Conclusion:There was a low IT value with new implant macrogeometry as compared to regular implant macrogeometry.There was absence of association between IT and implant stability.Clinical significance: Calculation of torque insertion score helps in implant placement.Higher bone density scores produce a higher option of decreasing the initial torque.Low IT of new implant types is useful to reduce failure.