Impact of precursor concentration on the properties of perovskite solar cells obtained from the dehydrated lead acetate precursors

In this research, we examined the impact of solution concentration on the photovoltaic and the material properties of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) obtained from dehydrated Pb-acetate precursors. The perovskite solution was deposited by a one-step spin-coating technique followed by 5 min of thermal annealing on a hotplate at the temperature of 90 °C to form the perovskite active layer. The PSC device structure adopted was the inverted planar architecture. The precursor solution concentrations were varied from 0.7 to 1.1M, with the optimal solution concentration found to be 1.0M. This concentration results in a power conversion efficiency of 12.2%, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.94 V, a short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 20.71 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 62.69%. Our investigations revealed that the precursor solution concentration had a huge effect on the quality of the perovskite film and the photovoltaic properties of the PSCs.