Review on Template Removal Techniques for Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Materials

模板 煅烧 硅醇 介孔材料 材料科学 模板方法模式 介孔二氧化硅 纳米技术 阳离子聚合 重新使用 化学工程 化学 催化作用 有机化学 废物管理 高分子化学 工程类
作者
Hosein Ghaedi,Ming Zhao
出处
期刊:Energy & Fuels [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:36 (5): 2424-2446 被引量:58
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c04435
摘要

The key step in the preparation of mesoporous silica materials is the removal of organic templates occluded inside the pores including nonionic, cationic, anionic surfactants and even ionic liquid (IL). The most common method to remove templates is conventional calcination under air at 550 °C. Although templates can be completely removed from the pores, calcination suffers many serious drawbacks including significant framework shrinkage, the collapse of the ordered structure, reduction of silanol concentrations on the pore wall (which are of high importance for postmodification), generation of large amounts of CO2 and organic amine compounds, the presence of carbon deposits or coke as a contaminant, elimination of organic functionalities (such as organoalkoxysilanes with amino groups), and the inability to recover or reuse expensive organic templates. That is why many attempts have been reported in the literature to develop novel methods for removing organic templates that are favorable from both economic and environmental standpoints for potentially large-scale applications. The current study reviews the recent development methods for template removal from various types of mesoporous silica materials. We have divided the template removal approaches into two categories: physical method and chemical method. The effects of those methods are discussed in detail on the textural and structural properties of mesoporous silica materials along with the template removal mechanism and their pores and coins.
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