The bioactive of four dietary sources phospholipids on heavy metal-induced skeletal muscle injury in zebrafish: A comparison of phospholipid profiles

Phospholipids have been recognized as significant functional lipids related to nutrition, while they were complex and multiple, and their sources were various. Bioactive functions of phospholipids in skeletal muscle were given serious attention; however, studies on dietary phospholipid profiles with functions on skeletal muscle were rarely reported. Here, we analyzed phospholipid profiles of four kinds of dietary phospholipids (including yolk phospholipid, soybean phospholipid, perilla seed phospholipid and krill oil phospholipid) and compared their composition differences using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Lipidomics emphasized significant differences in compositions. Krill oil phospholipid rich in ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFAs) showed the most excellent effect in skeletal muscle protection. Compared with triglyceride-type lipid (fish oil), phospholipids had higher bioavailability. Besides, as for a higher degree of unsaturation of phospholipid, they did not always perform better effects, which might be related to being more susceptible to suffering from oxidative stress. Overall, four representative phospholipids were analyzed and compared for their bioactive function in skeletal muscle, providing a reference for better understanding relationships between structures and functional applications of phospholipids. • The phospholipid profiles of four kinds of dietary phospholipids were analyzed. • The skeletal muscle injury model of zebrafish was established. • Phospholipids can protect against skeletal muscle injury, especially for krill oil phospholipids.