失效率
对流层
天顶
标准差
环境科学
流体静力平衡
仰角(弹道)
水蒸气
气象学
数值天气预报
大气科学
大地测量学
地质学
数学
地理
物理
统计
几何学
量子力学
作者
J. Boehm,Gregor Möller,Michael Schindelegger,Gregory Pain,Robert L. Weber
出处
期刊:Gps Solutions
[Springer Nature]
日期:2014-08-26
卷期号:19 (3): 433-441
被引量:348
标识
DOI:10.1007/s10291-014-0403-7
摘要
Global pressure and temperature 2 wet (GPT2w) is an empirical troposphere delay model providing the mean values plus annual and semiannual amplitudes of pressure, temperature and its lapse rate, water vapor pressure and its decrease factor, weighted mean temperature, as well as hydrostatic and wet mapping function coefficients of the Vienna mapping function 1. All climatological parameters have been derived consistently from monthly mean pressure level data of ERA-Interim fields (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis) with a horizontal resolution of 1°, and the model is suitable to calculate slant hydrostatic and wet delays down to 3° elevation at sites in the vicinity of the earth surface using the date and approximate station coordinates as input. The wet delay estimation builds upon gridded values of the water vapor pressure, the weighted mean temperature, and the water vapor decrease factor, with the latter being tuned to ray-traced zenith wet delays. Comparisons with zenith delays at 341 globally distributed global navigation satellite systems stations show that the mean bias over all stations is below 1 mm and the mean standard deviation is about 3.6 cm. The GPT2w model with the gridded input file is provided at http://ggosatm.hg.tuwien.ac.at/DELAY/SOURCE/GPT2w/ .
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