Long- versus short-term orientation: new perspectives

Long- versus short-term orientation, a national value dimension originally found by Bond among students in 23 countries, became Hofstede's (1991 Hofstede, G. 1991. Cultures and organizations: software of the mind, London: McGraw-Hill. [Google Scholar]) fifth dimension of national cultures. Recent analyses by Minkov (2007 Minkov, M. 2007. What makes us different and similar: a new interpretation of the World Values Survey and other cross-cultural data, Sofia: Klasika i Stil. [Google Scholar]) of World Values Survey data, collected from representative samples of national populations, allow the calculation of a new version of this dimension, this time across 93 countries. National scores on the dimension correlate with certain family values, with school results, with business values, with environmental values and, under favorable historical conditions, with economic growth. In 1988 the dimension scores led to a prediction of China's economic success. The new scores allow new predictions for economic developments in different parts of the world.