Introduction: To explore the effect of bifidobacterium on the production of dendritic cells (DC) in the intestine of mice. Methods: Forty four-week-old to six-week-old BALB/C mice were randomly divided into three groups.The three groups of mice were administrated orally with live bifidobacteria bifidum¡¢heat-killed bifidobacteria bifidum (1¡Á109CFU/ml) and saline normal, 0.5ml, once daily.After seven days of oarl administration, the production of intestinal Dc were evaluated by immunohistochemical techniques. Results: There was significant difference between the control group and the live bifidobacterium group, the heat-killed bifido-bacterium group (p<0.05). We compared the heat-killed bifido-bacterium group and the live bifidobacterium group, we draw an conclusion that there wasn’t obvious difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: Bifidobacterium have effect on the production of the intestinal DC of mice. Heat-killed bifidobacterium and live bifidobacterium have the same or similar activity. This research may provide partial theories to explain the creation of gut-associated immunological tolerance and the production of immune response. It may be a important cause that the intestinal microflora play an important role for the health of the host and possess immunomodulating capacity.