Minimally invasive approaches to adrenal tumors

There are multiple minimal invasive approaches to remove the adrenal gland. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most up-to-date findings about laparoscopic, retroperitoneoscopic, robot-assisted, and single-site adrenalectomy, and to define the most common approaches to the adrenal gland.Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the gold standard to remove adrenal tumors. New approaches are being explored to outperform the advantages of laparoscopic adrenalectomy.Retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy, when performed by skilled surgeons, offers an alternative to the conventional laparoscopic approach, with better outcome. The robot-assisted and single-site approaches still need further studies to fully identify their roles in adrenalectomy.