TMEM97 knockdown inhibits 5‐fluorouracil resistance by regulating epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and ABC transporter expression via inactivating the Akt/mTOR pathway in 5‐fluorouracil‐resistant colorectal cancer cells

Abstract Resistance to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) is still a primary setback to the success of colorectal cancer (CRC) chemotherapy. Transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97) functions as an oncogene in CRC. However, the role and mechanism of TMEM97 in regulating 5‐FU resistance in CRC cells remains unclear. TMEM97 expression in CRC samples was analyzed by GEPIA and human protein atlas (HPA) databases. TMEM97, E‐cadherin, Vimentin, N‐cadherin, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 (MRP1)/ABCC1, ABCC2, and the changes of protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway were explored by western blot analysis. IC50 value for 5‐FU and cell viability was examined by MTT assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. TMEM97 was highly expressed in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) based on GEPIA and HPA databases. TMEM97 knockdown attenuated 5‐FU resistance in HCT116/R and SW480/R cells, as evidenced by the reduced IC50 value for 5‐FU and the increased apoptosis. TMEM97 knockdown suppressed epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), expression of ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and the Akt/mTOR pathway. Mechanistically, activation of Akt/mTOR pathway abolished the inhibitory effects of TMEM97 knockdown on 5‐FU resistance, EMT, and ABC transporter expression. In conclusion, TMEM97 knockdown inhibited 5‐FU resistance in CRC by regulating EMT and ABC transporter expression via inactivating the Akt/mTOR pathway.