Synthesis of Metal-Free Carbon Aerogel with Nitrogen-Doped from Pyrolysis of Cellulose Aerogels Based on Coir Fibers Using Ammonia-Urea System as Electrocatalyst of Oxygen Reduction Reaction for Cathode in Seawater Batteries

Performance of seawater batteries is still limited by the sluggish nature of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). One way to optimize the performance of the battery is by utilizing an electrocatalyst with the ability to increase the ORR rate of reaction. Nitrogen-doped carbon aerogel based on coir fiber is one of the alternatives because of its excellent electrocatalytic performance and was made from an abundant material. Carbon aerogel was obtained from pyrolyzing coir fiber-based aerogel cellulose. Nitrogen atom structure in carbon aerogel was affected by the temperature of cellulose aerogel pyrolysis. Pyridinic N content in the Nitrogen-doped carbon aerogel has effective for the activity of the ORR. The electrocatalytic performance of the carbon aerogel synthesized from coir fiber with nitrogen doping at the pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C was investigated in this study. The research process began with the synthesis of cellulose aerogel using urea-ammonia crosslinking precursor. Next, cellulose aerogel was pyrolyzed at 600 °C to create carbon aerogel. FTIR, XRD, CV, LSV, and LP were used to characterize the samples. The carbon aerogel was N-doped with pyridinic N, according to an analysis of the FTIR spectra. The carbon aerogel shows 4-electron ORR with kinetic current density (i k ) of 0.74 mA/cm 2 and current density (i o ) of 0.583 μA/cm 2 , according to electrochemical performance analysis in 3.5% NaCl as electrolyte.