Spatial Varying Vectorial Holography and Polarization Encryption Based on Birefringent Metasurface

Abstract Vectorial holography technology plays a fundamental role by exploring the vectorial nature of light and enriches disruptive applications in optical encryption, display, and manipulation. With its flexible control methods and high‐precision subwavelength design, metasurface possesses rich modulation flexibility that surpasses traditional optical modulation devices. Here, a vectorial holographic design is implemented that can cover various polarization information by using a birefringent metasurface. The design adopts a gradient descent optimization method to jointly optimize the phase information of the orthogonal polarization channels with the birefringent metasurface, for continuous variation of polarization information in the entire vector space on the Poincare Sphere with efficient information integration. Based on the detailed depiction of full vector space polarization texture, such efficient vectorial holographic optimization methods can expand the encryption channels and achieve high spatial resolution allowing large capacity multiplexing, data storage, pattern recognition, etc.