Recent Progress and Prospects on Sodium-Ion Battery and All-Solid-State Sodium Battery: A Promising Choice of Future Batteries for Energy Storage

At present, in response to the call of the green and renewable energy industry, electrical energy storage systems have been vigorously developed and supported. Electrochemical energy storage systems are mostly comprised of energy storage batteries, which have outstanding advantages such as high energy density and high energy conversion efficiency. Among them, secondary batteries like lithium batteries, sodium batteries, and lead-acid batteries have received wide attention in recent years. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have existed for a long time. However, due to limited lithium resources worldwide, uneven distribution, and worrying safety issues, the development of LIBs has been gradually hindered. Meanwhile, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), whose working principle is similar to that of LIBs, have been gradually emphasized by researchers due to the advantages of abundant resources and low cost. Moreover, all-solid-state sodium batteries (ASSBs), which have higher energy density, simpler structure, and higher stability and safety, are also under rapid development. Thus, SIBs and ASSBs are both expected to play important roles in green and renewable energy storage applications. This Review focuses mainly on the detailed introduction of the constituent materials of SIBs and ASSBs, analyzing the development of cathode and anode materials and the solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) in the past five years. The advantages and development direction of each SSE suitable for ASSBs are listed and remarked, and the nonactive materials such as separators and collectors are briefly mentioned. Finally, a reasonable assessment and prospects of the different materials and preparation methods are put forward.