Metabolomic analysis of the Puerarin hypoglycemic activity via AMPK-mTOR and PPARγ-NF-κB signaling pathways

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, and its increasing prevalence is a global concern. Early diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets are essential for DM prevention and treatment. Pueraria, derived from kudzu root, is used clinically for various symptoms, and its active compound, Puerarin, shows promise in improving insulin resistance and reducing inflammation.