High-power nanogenerator of 2D-layered perovskite in a polymer matrix for self-charging battery-powered electronics

Recently two-dimensional layered halide perovskites (2D-layered HPs) with superior piezo-/ferroelectric properties and exceptional environmental stability have become potential alternatives to 3D-HPs. Herein, air-stable 2D-layered 1,3-propanediammonium lead iodide (DAPPbI4) perovskite is introduced as a promising filler material in a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer for the development of a high-performance and mechanically robust DAPPbI4–PVDF composite triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The triboelectric output performance is noticeably enhanced for 15 wt% DAPPbI4 owing to its improved electro-active β-phase PVDF (∼90%), high dielectric constant (∼47.4), and high piezoelectric coefficient (∼26.6 pm/V). The TENG achieved a high output voltage of ∼662 V, current density of ∼18.7 µA/cm2, unprecedented high power-density of ∼4.28 mW/cm2, and excellent pressure sensitivity of ∼13.31 V/kPa with outstanding mechanical durability and operational stability. The application of HP-based TENG as a sustainable power source for various portable electronics is demonstrated by charging a Li-ion battery (LIB) in a short time using the TENG output.