Gingival crevicular fluid levels of TLR ‐9, AIM ‐2, and ZBP ‐1 in periodontal diseases

Abstract Objectives Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐9, may play a role in periodontal disease inflammation. This study measured TLR‐9 and its related molecules, absence in melanoma‐2 (AIM‐2) and Z‐DNA‐binding protein‐1 (ZBP‐1), in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with varying stages of periodontal disease to assess the role of pathogen‐derived nucleic acids in inflammation. Materials and Methods The study comprised 80 participants: 20 with Stage III Grade C periodontitis, 20 with Stage III Grade B periodontitis (P‐Stage III‐B), 19 with gingivitis, and 21 with periodontal health. Parameters including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. ELISA was used to analyze TLR‐9, AIM‐2, and ZBP‐1 levels in GCF. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical comparisons. Results The total amount of TLR‐9 was higher in P‐Stage III‐B than in the healthy group ( p < 0.05). Similarly, the gingivitis group exhibited elevated GCF TLR‐9 levels compared to the healthy group ( p < 0.05). GCF AIM‐2 and ZBP‐1 levels remained consistent across groups ( p > 0.05). Significant correlations were found between GCF TLR‐9 and CAL ( p < 0.05), BOP ( p < 0.05), PI ( p < 0.01), and GCF volume ( p < 0.001). Conclusion These findings suggested that the TLR‐9‐mediated inflammatory process plays a role in periodontal disease, as evidenced by the increased levels of TLR‐9 in GCF.