Advances and Prospects in Multifunctional Composite Fibrous Materials Utilizing Porous Organic Polymers

Porous organic polymers (POPs) offer exceptional surface area, tunable pore sizes, and versatile chemical functionality, making them attractive for a range of advanced applications. However, their conventional powdered form limits processability, structural integration, and practical deployment. Integrating POPs into fibrous matrices through electrospinning, a scalable and versatile technique for producing nonwoven fibers, helps overcome these limitations and enables the creation of new material architecture. The resulting POP-incorporated fibrous materials (POP-FMs) combine the intrinsic advantages of POPs with enhanced mechanical integrity, tailored surface properties, and improved mass transport characteristics. These features expand the potential of POP-FMs in areas such as catalysis, environmental remediation, sensing, and biomedical fields. This review discusses recent progress in the design and synthesis of electrospinning-compatible POPs, strategies for fabricating POP-FM composites, and the structure-property relationships that govern their performance. Key challenges and future directions are also explored, underscoring the potential of POP-FMs as next-generation functional materials.