Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: one year in review 2025

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterised by joint destruction and extra-articular manifestations. A close interaction between both innate and adaptive immune systems leads to the development of the clinical features of the disease, characterised by inflammation and structural changes. Progress in the basic and clinical research in the field of RA has improved the current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. The data obtained from basic and clinical studies in RA has actively contributed to identifying new potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches to design personalised therapy of the disease.