Molluscum contagiosum: a comprehensive review of treatment modalities

Aim: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common viral skin infection caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), a member of the Poxviridae family. Characterized by small, raised, flesh-coloured papules, it primarily affects children but can occur in adults, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. While often self-limiting, the infection can be bothersome due to its contagious nature, potential for spreading and associated discomfort. This article presents a comprehensive review of the current treatment options for MC. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed database (2019-2024). The focus was on randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews. After screening 65 abstracts, 43 full-text articles were assessed and 22 were ultimately included. The therapeutic landscape for MC is diverse, ranging from physical methods and topical agents to immunomodulatory approaches and antiviral drugs. The lack of standardized, universally effective treatment has led to diverse approaches, ranging from benign neglect to aggressive interventions. The choice of treatment is often guided by factors such as the patient's age, the number and location of lesions, the presence of co-morbidities, and the patient's tolerance and preferences. Conclusions: Given the varied clinical presentation of MC and the absence of a universally accepted standard therapy, several treatment modalities are available, each with its own set of advantages and drawbacks.