Relationship Between Second Victim Distress, Resilience, Deliberate Rumination and Compassion Fatigue Among ICU Nurses: A Moderated Mediation Model

Following adverse events, nurses often experience considerable psychological distress. Nursing managers should prioritise cultivating nurses' psychological resilience, strengthening their internal resources and promptly guiding second victims to engage in constructive cognitive processing. Only when sufficient personal and organisational resources are available can deliberate rumination effectively alleviate second victim distress, reduce compassion fatigue and improve both care quality and patient safety.