A literature review on the artificial intelligence in manufacturing systems under industry 5.0

Industry 5.0 is characterised by a human-centric, sustainable, and resilient manufacturing paradigm, placing new demands on industrial systems. Within this evolving context, Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a key driver, making a systematic understanding of its applications and challenges essential. While Industry 4.0 has been widely studied, comprehensive reviews of AI’s role in Industry 5.0 remain limited. To address this gap, this paper conducts a systematic literature review using a three-stage search strategy across major databases. The review outlines the envisioned characteristics of Industry 5.0 systems and analyzes AI applications: enabling human-centric manufacturing through intelligent interaction and scheduling, enhancing resilience via fault diagnosis and predictive maintenance, and supporting sustainability through circular practices and energy conservation. It further identifies three key challenges: (i) technical issues such as data scarcity and cybersecurity risks; (ii) barriers in human–machine collaboration; and (iii) ethical and privacy concerns in data governance. Overall, AI is crucial not only for efficiency but also as a strategic enabler of human-centricity, resilience, and sustainability. However, current applications remain efficiency-driven, with limited integration of broader objectives. Future work should emphasise system optimisation, explainable AI, generative AI for secure, transparent, and sustainable manufacturing for Industry 5.0.