LNP-based delivery of a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist elicits potent adjuvant effects and antitumor immunity

T cells across diverse immunogens. In aggressive B16F10-OVA melanoma and HPV-associated TC-1 tumor models, LNPC-adjuvanted vaccines successfully remodeled the highly suppressive TME, achieving near-complete tumor clearance, significantly prolonged survival, and durable immune memory without inducing off-target systemic toxicity. Ultimately, the LNPC system represents a versatile, highly effective adjuvant platform with substantial clinical translational potential, offering a compelling new strategy for personalized tumor immunotherapy.