Synergistic strain and charge regulation via Zr doping in a NaTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 electrode toward efficient Na storage

Large-Zr doping in NTP expands the lattice, tightens charge, and creates wider-shorter Na + channels with faster kinetics, boosting ion/electron conductivity. As an SIB anode, NTZP reduces polarization, enhancing rate capability and cycling life.